Interpreting for culturally diverse settings.1
Cultural diversity recognizes that different communities have their own unique history, traditions, values, and perhaps an independent language. The perspectives of these different communities are seen to be equally valid. Ideally, a person would seek to become more aware of these different cultures, especially if the person interacts with members who identify with these communities. Interpreters regularly work with Deaf people who are at least bicultural, but some have yet a third culture that they identify with or at least are raised in, such as being Hispanic, Jewish or Gay.
The RID Code of Ethics, Tenet 4, says "Interpreters/transliterators shall accept assignments using discretion with regard to skill, setting, and the consumers involved." It's fine to know your limits, but Tenet 7 says, "Interpreters/transliterators shall strive to further knowledge and skills through participation in work-shops, professional meetings, interaction with professional colleagues, and reading of current literature in the field." Part of professional development is to expand your repertoire of possible settings and consumers, and one avenue for this is a multi-cultural education.
It's true that some multi-cultural Deaf people would prefer an in-group member to interpreter for an in-group event, such as religious services, ethnic gatherings, or rallies, but there are often not enough in-member interpreters to go around, and most consumers would be happy to see an out-member, who was educated in the in-group's ways, interpret for them. Should an interpreter try to look like an in-member signing or sound like an in-member speaking? Probably only someone raised in the culture can do this convincingly, but it is sometimes useful if you feel that it's an important part of the presenter's style and the event, and you can pull it off in a genuine way.
One can become knowledgeable about other cultures by reading books and articles, listening to speakers, watching programs and videotapes. Look for special events such as plays, lectures, ceremonies, and folkloric performances. Speak with in-members: Deaf, Hearing and interpreters. Learn customs and their meanings; become multi-cultural yourself. Perhaps you would enjoy learning more about your own ethnic or religious background, although you haven't explored it before, or just learn about it more deeply. Learn other languages, even if only superficially, and other sign languages too! To learn more, see Deaf cultures and Sign Languages of the world, Interpreting for German as a second language, and Interpreting for Spanish as a second language.
A person can be multicultural due to a number of factors: race, age, gender, language, history, sexual preference, physical difference, or belief. There has been a push in American society for pluralism, which means encouraging the different cultures here to assert themselves, rather than submerge beneath the myth of a mainstream culture. America used to be called a "melting pot" because people would stream here from other countries and forget their old ways in order to seek riches. Monetary riches are now seen by some as over glamorized and many people are going back to their old roots or planting new ones. As society tries to be more inclusive, interpreters need to be more aware of what factions are being included so as to be able to represent their viewpoint when interpreting it from ASL to English or vice versa, since there are multicultural Deaf people too.
Groups often do not have consensus about how to identify themselves, but we should learn the label that is accepted by most members and then be flexible. This is true in ASL as well as in English. I was interpreting for a Chinese Deaf person and used the indigenous sign for "China", that is the sign used in China by Deaf people, and the consumer objected because she was raised in China, Mao had been cruel to Deaf people, and the indigenous sign brought up bad memories. For more information on indigenous signs, see The use of indigenous signs by interpreters.
An example of how a second or third culture can impact an interpreting event is a speaker like Jesse Jackson. Although he is not a preacher, his speaking style is heavily influenced by the style of Black preachers. If the interpreter does not understand the religious imagery someone like Jackson employs, the message will be compromised.
Although there is no Black ASL in terms of grammar, there is a Black style of signing that is loose with hands held low and certain signs that are used by Black Deaf people that would not be understood by White Deaf people. An example is the 5 handshape drummed against the temple with the head lightly shaking which means "don't worry about it." The sign NEGRO is properly an N drawn across the nose (fingers pointing to the non-dominant side) and not rubbing down the nose. This sign should actually not be used even when the word "Negro" is said, because it is considered derogatory, but you should know the sign when you see it so that you can interpret what someone says. It's better to fingerspell N-E-G-R-O. The negative sign NIGGER looks like BORING but with an N handshape. Again, don't use it, but know what it means. Also don't correct Deaf people if you see them use it. It's another Deaf person place to do that, if they feel so. In a similar way, you could find signs that are to be avoided in a Jewish setting (G-D BOOK rather than JESUS BOOK), or a Lesbian/Gay setting (LESBIAN should tap the tip of the index finger against the chin, rather than the area between the finger and thumb.) Learn, seek out these settings, and then learn some more. The National Clearinghouse of Rehabilitation Training Materials has a "Multicultural Materials Catalog" at NCRTM's online catalog. Click on a Word or PDF format of it. Here are some resources to further your learning:
Journals, newspapers, and newsletters
Mailing lists, chat sites, & news groups
BooksGay/Lesbian/Bi/Transgendered/Intersexed/Questioning
Member of a less represented religion
Physically challenged/ Disabled
GENERAL
The Cross Cultural Health Care Program - Recommended reading.
Grant, J. (1983). The bilingual hearing impaired: Teaching children and preparing teachers. The Bilingual Exceptional Child, 341-358.
Grant, N. C. (1992). Needs assessment: Multicultural families with deaf/hard of hearing children. Unpublished research project. San Francisco State University: Department of Social Education.
Mindess, A., T. K. Holcomb, D. Langholtz, and P. Moyers. (1999, July).
Reading between the signs: Intercultural communication for Sign Language interpreters. Intercultural Press. ISBN: 1877864730.
Western Oregon University (n.d.) PEPNet Products Catalog (PDF). A Multicultural Model for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students #1069
Bruce, J. (1993). A comparative study of back channeling signals between an African American Deaf speaker and African American and White Deaf speakers. Communication Forum. Publisher: William Moses, Student Forum, Vol. 2. Gallaudet Publications, 1-76.
Cohen, O. (1993). Educational needs of African American and Hispanic deaf children and youth. In Christensen, K.M., & Delgado, G.L. (Eds.) Multicultural issues in deafness. New York: Longman Publishing.
African American history books.
Empowerment and Black Deaf Persons. April 6 - 7, 1990. Bronx, New York. Conference Proceedings Paper. (Available from The College for Continuing Education, Gallaudet University Kellogg Conference Center, 175 pp., 6 X 9 in. Price:
$20).
Guggernhein, L. (1993). Ethnic variation in ASL: The signing of African Americans and how it is influenced by conversational topic. Communication Forum 2, 51-76.
Hairston, E. & L. Smith. (1993). Black and Deaf in America: Are we that different? T. J. Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0932666191 Provides an in-depth look at some of the difficulties of the black Deaf community. Includes interviews with prominent black Deaf Americans who share their joys, fears and hopes for the future. Includes an important chapter on signs used in the black community.
Jones, Phillip A. Issues involving Black interpreters and Black Deaf. In M.L. McIntire (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth National Convention of the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf. Silver Spring, MD: RID Publications, 85-95.
Moeletsi, Dunn, and Lindsay. The Deaf Community in the 21st Century: A Black Deaf Perspective. Deaf Studies V - Toward 2000 - Unity and Diversity. Conference Proceedings. College for Continuing Education. Gallaudet University, 121-128.
Moore, Carl M. "Black Deaf Culture." National Conference on Black Deaf Experience: Excellence and Equity. Atlanta, Georgia March 14, 1992.
Wright, M. H. (1999)
Sounds like home: Growing up Black and Deaf in the South. Gallaudet University Press. ISBN: 1563680807. An autobiography of Mary Herring Wright's life in North Carolina from the mid-1920s to early 1940s. Wright touches upon the many stereotypes associated with Deaf people and to share her experiences with her children and her friends. This is a historically significant text on the educational and physical facilities present for Deaf people between two chaotic events in America's history: the Great Depression and the second World War. This book is a great example demonstrating enduring faith and inspiration for others facing life's many challenges.
Mailing lists are group discussions by e-mail, where all submissions and responses of a group are sent to a central location and then back to all members so that everyone's comments on a focus topic (sometimes it loses its focus, sigh) can be read.
1. Image above: Corbis Digital Pictures - Gospel singers at Natchez Pilgrimage Performance.; image below: Dvorah's Judaic
graphics.
Asian American
Asian American studies resources - Bibliographies.
DiversityStore.com. Asian/ Pacific books.
Fong, T. P. and L. H. Shinagawa (eds). (September 21, 1999). Asian Americans: Experiences and perspectives.
Inada, L. F., et al. (August 1, 2000). Only what we could carry: The Japanese American internment experience.
Shankar, L. D. (ed) (January 1998). A part, yet apart: South Asians in Asian America (Asian American history and culture).
Yee, P. (June 1999). Tales from Gold Mountain : Stories of the Chinese in the New World.
Zhou, M and J. V. Gatewood (eds). (May 2000) Contemporary Asian America: A multidisciplinary reader.
Christian
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Christian. Click on or scroll down to "books".
Deafblind
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for working with Deafblind people. Click on or scroll down to "books".
Gay, Lesbian, Bi, Trans, Intersexed, Questioning
AcademicInfo.com. Gay & Lesbian Studies Digital Library .
Boswell, J. (July 1981)Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality : Gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the Fourteenth Century.
Conaway, F. & Sutter, S. C. Guide to Gay and Lesbian resources in the University of Chicago Library.
Luczak, R.
(ed) (1993) Eyes of desire: A Deaf Gay & Lesbian reader. Alyson Publications. ISBN: 1555832040.
Eyes of desire 2: A deaf glbt reader. Our unforgettable stories and interviews include “Black Deaf Lesbian Pagan Tomfemme,” “Why I Wear Leather,” “Evergreen in Ethiopia,” “A Minority of One,” “Hauntings,” “Growing Up Deaf and Gay in 1960s Britain,” “If I Met a Deaf Asexual,” “A Leather Rose,” “Couple #189,” “My First Deaf Guy,” “Darkness: Coming of Age in India,” “You Sign Like a Girl,” “I am a Deaf Hindu Lesbian,” and “A Journey in Iran.” Our hearing and straight allies also share their experiences.
Marcus, E. (June 1999)
Is it a choice? : Answers to 300 of the most frequently asked questions about Gay and Lesbian people.
Hispanic/Latinas/os
Blackwell, P.M., & Fischgrund, J.E. (1984). Issues in the development of culturally responsive programs for deaf students from non-English-speaking homes. In Delgado, G.L. (Ed.), The Hispanic deaf. Washington, DC:
Gallaudet College Press.
Cohen, O. (1993). Educational needs of African American and Hispanic deaf children and youth. In Christensen, K.M., & Delgado, G.L. (Eds.) Multicultural issues in deafness. New York: Longman Publishing.
DiversityStore.com. HIspanic books.
Gerner de Garcia, B. (1993). Addressing the needs of Hispanic deaf children. In Christensen, K.M., & Delgado, G.L. (Eds.) Multicultural issues in deafness. New York: Longman Publishing.
International bibliography of sign language. Click on appropriate initial letter, then on "deaf Hispanics".
Jackson-Maldonado, D. (1993). Mexico and the United States: A cross-cultural perspective on the education of deaf children. In Christensen, K.M., & Delgado, G.L. (Eds.) Multicultural issues in deafness. New York:
Longman Publishing.
Lerman, A. (1984). Survey of Hispanic hearing-impaired students and their families in New York city. In Delgado, G.L. (Ed.) The Hispanic deaf. Washington, DC: Gallaudet College Press.
Jewish
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Jewish books. Click on or scroll down to "books".
Member of a less represented religion
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics. See list of religions and click on desired one. Some may have books listed.
Muslim
Bar-Tzur, D. (2000) Resources for religious interpreting: Islam - Books.
Native American
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious/spiritual interpreting - Native American spirituality, books.
Pacific Islander
Cheng, L.-R. R. (ed). (August 1998).
Struggling to be heard : The unmet needs of Asian Pacific American children (Suny Series, the Social context of education).
DiversityStore.com. Asian/ Pacific books.
Leonard, G. (ed). (October 1, 1998).
The Asian Pacific American heritage: A companion to literature and arts.
Moss, J. and G. Wilson (September 1993).
Peoples of the world: Asians and Pacific Islanders.
Revilla, L. A. et al. (February 1994).
Bearing dreams, shaping visions: Asian Pacific American perspectives (Association for Asian American Studies Series).
Wu, D. T. L. (October 1997).
Asian Pacific Americans in the workplace (Critical perspectives on Asian Pacific American series).
Physically challenged/ Disabled
Ablon, J. (May 1988)
Living with difference.
Brookes publishing - Learning diabilities and ADHD books.
Fries, K (ed). (October 1997)
Staring back : The disability experience from the inside out.
Herr, S. S. and G. Weber (eds). (May 1999)
Aging, rights, and quality of life: Prospects for older people with developmental disabilities.
Karp, G. and L. Lamb (eds). (July 15, 1999)
Life on wheels: For the active wheelchair user.
Learning disabilities at Questia.
No barriers: Videos, books, posters.
Mannix, D. P. (February 2000) Freaks: We who are not as others.
Women's movement/ Feminism
Breindel, T. J. (April 2000).
Know that: Quotes from Deaf women for a positive life. Dawn Sign Press, ISBN: 1581210124 Cute, pocket-sized booked containing everyday quotes for life from Deaf women.
Daly, M. (March 1985).
Beyond God the Father: Toward a philosophy of Women's Liberation.
DiversityStore.com. Women's books.
Documents from the
Women's Liberation Movement - Duke University.
International bibliography of sign language. Click on appropriate initial letter, then on "deaf women".
Olasky, M. (September 1992).
Abortion rites: A social history of abortion in America.
Ryan, M. J. (ed) and P. Wynne. (October 1998).
Fabric of the future: Women visionaries of today illuminate the path to tomorrow.
Skog, S, (ed), (December 1995).
Embracing Our essence: Spiritual conversations with prominent women.
CDs, DVDs, & VideotapesGay/Lesbian/Bi/Transgendered/Intersexed/Queer
Member of a less represented religion
Physically challenged/ Disabled
GENERAL
American culture: the Deaf perspective. San Francisco Public Library, with the assistance of Deaf People, Inc., 1981. [Signed, with voice-over.] This is a very elegant presentation. DEAF MINORITIES, Program #4 explores the Deaf individual's search for cultural identity. Among those sharing personal experiences are a Cuban emigre, a Deaf-Blind man, an American Indian, a Black woman, a Lesbian, a Gay man and a Senior Citizen.
Bar-Tzur, D. Technical & specialized vocabulary ASL dictionary. Over 15,000 entries. The dictionary is set up in major categories and further subdivided into categories making navigation as simple as point and click and each entry shows David as the sign model signing the term. There are entries for hundreds of cultural terms. To order.
Morris, P. (2001). The challenges of working outside of our own cultural experiences. Signs of Development, Inc. "Most research suggests that our work worlds will reflect even greater cultural diversity. This brings new learning opportunities for interpreters who encounter Deaf consumers and their families. . . Learning the definition of culture and the importance of knowing how to communicate cross-culturally with those of a different background can only enhance our profession. This workshop will look at our traditional American ways and compare these values and behaviors with other cultural groups." To order.
African American/Black
African American cinema - amazon.com.
DiversityStore.com. African American history videos.
Jade Films: Where the passion of words are turned into action. Jade Films is an independent film production company engaged in the development and production of multi-media technology, video, broadcasting, television and film. The purpose of our mission is raise the consciousness about African Americans and Latinos who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing, whether culturally Deaf or with varied degrees of hearing loss who do not identify with Deaf culture.
Asian American
Asian American studies resources - Audio visual resources.
Asian American studies resources - Bibliographies.
Christian
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Christian. Click on or scroll down to "Videotapes".
Deafblind
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for working with Deafblind people. Click on or scroll down to "Videotapes".
Gay, Lesbian, Bi, Trans, Intersexed, Questioning
Austin unbound. From the age of three, Austin knew that his female anatomy did not fit him. In middle school, he changed his name and began to dress as a boy. Today, Austin identifies as a straight man and a member of the Portland queer ASL community. Austin unbound documents Austin's choice to get a double mastectomy. He and his best friend, James, travel from Portland to San Francisco for the surgery. This social issue film also follows Austin's life in his supportive, local queer ASL community and includes time with his girlfriend, his mother, grandmother and sisters.
Cutting the edge of a free bird. African-American lesbian wants to go to NYU, but her mother wants her to go to Gallaudet University for the deaf.
Hispanic/Latinas/os
DiversityStore.com. Hispanic videotapes.
The Hispanic and Latin American heritage video collection.
Signing Fiesta. Teaching Sign Language through Spanish and English.
Jewish
Bar-Tzur, D. Jewish videotapes.
Member of a less represented religion
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious/ spiritual topics. See list of religions and click on desired one. Some may have videotapes listed. Otherwise try dogpile.com to search under: "[name of religion/denomination]" and "video".
Muslim
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious interpreting: Islam - CDs, DVDs, and videotapes.
Native American
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious/spiritual interpreting - Native American spirituality, CDs, DVDs, and videotapes.
Pacific Islander
Physically challenged/ Disabled
Disability training: Possibilities, July 1999. Includes videotapes.
General resources for learning diabilities.
Learning disabilities/Learning abilities.
No barriers: Videos, books, posters.
The Ten Commandments of Communicating With People With Disabilities. Literally tens of thousands of people have learned and laughed with The Ten Commandments of Communicating With People With Disabilities. It's training that uses humorous vignettes to deliver its disability awareness message. With over 53 million Americans having a disability, large corporations as well as small companies use this outstanding video to train employees, improve customer service and avoid losing talented employees due to ignorance or awkwardness. Human service agencies get "double duty" from this program when they utilize it to train their own staff and the community about disability etiquette. To see a vignette, go to
Women's movement/ Feminism
DiversityStore.com. Videos on women's issues.
Feminist Majority - Search. Use this to search for "videotape".
Journals, newspapers and newslettersGay/Lesbian/Bi/Transgendered/Intersexed/Queer
Member of a less represented religion
Physically challenged/ Disabled
GENERAL
Braden, J. P. (1989). Fact or artifact? An empirical test of Spearman's hypothesis. Intelligence, 13 (2), 149 155.
Cohen, 0. P.
(1990). Deaf children from ethnic, linguistic and racial minority backgrounds: An overview. American Annals of the Deaf, 135 (2), 67-93.
(1991). At-risk deaf adolescents.Volta
Review, 93 (5), 57-72.
Davidson, A., & Nuru, J. (1990-1991, Winter). Creating a culturally diverse community: Academic administrators as agents for change. Gallaudet Today, 21(2), 18-23.
Delgado, G. L.
(1980). International baseline data on hearing-impaired children with non-native home languages. International Congress on Education of the Deaf, 1980, Hamburg, Germany, 1, 84-94.
(1981). Hearing-impaired children from non-native language homes. American Annals of
the Deaf, 121 (2), 118-121.
Henley, D. (1987). An art therapy program for hearing-impaired children with special needs. American Journal of Art Therapy, 25(3), 81-89.
Janesick, V. J. (1990). Bilingual multicultural education and the deaf. Issues and possibilities. Journal of Educational
Issues of Language Minority Students 7, 99-109.
Johnstone, M. (1990, Winter).
Small world: MSSD takes bold measures to eliminate racial, cultural, and gender biases on campus. Gallaudet
Today, 21(2), 24-31.
Making an impact: Ernest Hairston influences the lives of deaf people nationwide. Gallaudet
Today, 21(2), 44-48.
Jones, Y. E. (1985). The double-whammy. Emotional First Aid: A Journal of Crisis Intervention, 2(4), 39-41.
Info to go, Gallaudet University. Suggested readings related to behavioral disabilites in students who are Deaf.
Kasen, S., Ouellette, R., & Cohen, P. (1990). Mainstreaming and postsecondary educational and employment status of a rubella cohort. American Annals of the Deaf 135 (l), 22-26.
Lane, H. (1988). Is there a "psychology of the deaf" Exceptional Children, 55(l), 7-19.
Lederberg, A. R., & Others. (1986). Ethnic, gender, and age preferences among deaf and hearing preschool peers. Child Development, 57(2), 375-386.
MacNeil, B. (1990). Educational needs for multicultural hearing-impaired students in the public school system. American Annals of
the Deaf, 135 (2), 75-82.
Moore, N. (1990, Winter). The right stuff. A sampling of minority deaf people who are making a difference. Gallaudet
Today, 3(2), pp. 14-17.
Robson, P. 1. (1988). Multi-ethnic issues in the education of the hearing-impaired population of an inner city area. International Congress on Education of the Deaf, 1988, 4, 2070-2075.
Roth, A. (2006, June). Assigning interpreters in our multicultural cosmos. Views, 23, 6. 31, 33. The challenge of working incommunities which are not affected by English-Anglo cultural and hearing communities.
Townsley, L. (1985). Latin as a vocabulary builder for hearing-impaired and second-language students of English. Teaching English to Deaf and Second-Language Students, 3(1), 4-8.
Wolk, S., & Schildroth, A. (1985). A longitudinal study of deaf students' use of an associational strategy on a reading,, comprehension
test. Journal of Research in Reading, 8(2), 82-93.
African American/Black
Andersen, G. B.
The Eyes of Texas Are Upon. Jean Andrews and Lamar University.
The Deaf Texan, January/February 1996: 4.
The Texas Black Deaf Heritage. The Deaf Texan, January/February 1996: 3-4.
& C. A. Grace, (1991). Black deaf adolescents: An underserved population. In O. Cohen & G. Long (Eds.). Adolescence and Deafness. Washington, DC: The Volta Review, 93 (5), 73-86.
Aramburo, A. J. Interpreting Within the African-American Deaf Community. RID Views, 12, Issue 6 (June 1993).
Azodeh, E. A Sign of African-American Pride. Silent News, 26, (3), March 1994: 3.
Cartwright, B. (May 2004). Best practices. Views, 21, 5, 1. Excerpt: I recently team interpreted an event for a predominantly African American audience. Afterwards, people from the audience who didn't know either of us came up and complimented my African American partner profusely and completely ignored me. The kudos are not the point. I wanted to take this job, but now I'm not so sure I should have. Do you have any insight?
Fischgrund, J., Cohen, O., & Clarkson, R. (1987). Hearing impaired children in black and Hispanic families. Volta Review, 89 (5), 59-67.
Marbella, Jean. For Sisters, Interpreting success has become a way of life. Silent News, January 1994.
Martin, J. E. and H. T. Prickett. Black Deaf Children: Culture and Education. Perspectives in Education and Deafness, 10, 4, March/April 1992.
Peery, P. Interpreting: The personal, professional and social contexts. RID Views June 1993.
Seabon, P. "The Black Deaf Experience." NTID Focus, Fall 1992: 12-15.
Valentine, V. (1995). Listening to the deaf Blacks: they want community access and acceptance. Emerge,7, 56(6).
Washington, D. A Minority student in an Interpreter Training Program. RID Views
June 1993.
Asian American
Asian American studies resources - Magazines, journals, newsletters.
Intersections: Gender history and culture in the Asian context.
Christian
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Christian. Click on or scroll down to "Journals".
Deafblind
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for working with Deafblind people. Click on or scroll down to "Journals".
Gay, Lesbian, Bi, Trans, Questioning
Academic
International Gay and Lesbian Review. Web site dedicated to reviewing abstracts for theses of relevance to GLBT studies.
Congregation Beth E-l Binah. Click on "Gay and Lesbian WEBzines and news links."
Dragun. Magazine for the queer Asina/Asian-American community.
Subscribe to FLASH and receive the latest news and event announcements for, by and about the Deaf Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Communities nationwide.
Gay and Lesbian International News Network.
qvMagazine: The Latino Men's Journal.
Lesbian.com. Literary.
Swartz, D. B. (1993).Cultural implications of audiological deficits on the homosexual male. The purpose of this research was to examine differences between normal-hearing, hard-of-hearing, and deaf homosexual males regarding their perceived identity and attitudes within multi-faceted, socio-cultural constraints. Paper presented at Quad-S Conference, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, 1993. Also appeared in Journal on Sexuality and Disability. (40 pages)
Perceptions & attitudes of interpreters with regard to sexual orientation. Acknowledging the lack of information regarding the interpreting profession and its perceptions, misconceptions, and overall understanding of homosexuality, the purpose of this research was to obtain empirical evidence regarding differences among homosexual and heterosexual interpreters regarding their perceived identity and attitudes within multi-faceted, socio-cultural constraints. Paper presented at RID Biennial Convention, Evanston, Indiana, 1993. (57 pages)Hispanic
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences.
Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education magazine.
International bibliography of sign language. Click on appropriate initial letter, then on "deaf Hispanics".
Latino Journal. Public policy from a Latino perspective.
QV. Magazine for the queer Latino Community.
Jewish
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Judaism. Click on or scroll down to "Journals".
Member of a less represented religion
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics. See list of religions and click on desired one. Some may have journals listed.
Muslim
Bar-Tzur, D. (2000) Resources for religious interpreting: Islam - Journals.
Native American
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious/spiritual interpreting - Native American spirituality, journals.
Pacific Islander
Physically challenged/ Disabled
anAurora - The Internet magazine for the disAble woman.
Disability related newsletters.
Disability Studies Quarterly - Society for Disability Studies.
Scott, K. K. (May 1998)
The "psychological emergency" of new onset physical disability and deformity.
Women's movement/ Feminism
Advancing Women in Leadership.
Documents from the
Women's Liberation Movement - Duke University.
Manushi - A journal about women and society (India). See column on left.
Mailing lists, chat sites, & news groupsGay/Lesbian/Bi/Transgendered/Intersexed/Queer
Member of a less represented religion
Physically challenged/ Disabled
African American/Black
ABSLST-L@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU - Association of Black Sociologists. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE ABSLST-L
Bar-Tzur, D. Professional development: Mailing lists, user groups & chat rooms - Multicultural [interpreters].
BGPSA@LISTSERV.UTK.EDU - Black Graduate and Professional Student Association. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UTK.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE BGPSA
BLACK-IP@LISTSERV.TEMPLE.EDU - Black Information Professionals' Network. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.TEMPLE.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE BLACK-IP
BLACKSTU@LISTSERV.RICE.EDU - Black Student Association mailing list. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.RICE.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE BLACKSTU
L-Soft. Click on "Search for a mailing list of interest" and search "African American" or "Black".
MUNIRAH@MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU - The MUNIRAH Chronicle of Black Historical Events & Facts. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE MUNIRAH
NBIC@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU - (National Black Intercollegiate Council). To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE NBIC
Tile.net. Search "African American" or "Black".
Asian American
AAA-GEN-MEM-L@LISTSERV.ND.EDU -
Asian American Association. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.ND.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE AAA-GEN-MEM-L Archives.
ASPIRE-L@LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU - Linkages for Students from Asian Nations. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE ASPIRE-L
Bar-Tzur, D. Professional development: Mailing lists, user groups & chat rooms - Multicultural [interpreters].
CAAS@LISTSERV.UIC.EDU - Coalition for Asian American Studies. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UIC.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE CAAS Archives.
Deaf-AsianUSA-NEWS. Providing news sources and general information from national and local Deaf-Asian organizations.
H-ASIA@H-NET.MSU.EDU - H-Net list for Asian History and Culture. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@H-NET.MSU.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE H-ASIA
L-Soft. Click on "Search for a mailing list of interest" and search "Asian".
Tile.net. Search "Asian".
Christian
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Christian. Click on or scroll down to "Mailing lists".
Deafblind
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for working with Deafblind people - Mailing lists.
Gay, Lesbian, Bi, Trans, Intersexed, Questioning
Bar-Tzur, D. Professional development: Mailing lists, user groups & chat rooms - Multicultural [interpreters].
GayPoz is an internet discussion list for BOTH emotional support AND sharing medical information for GAY MEN WHO ARE HIV POSITIVE.
hatecrime.org - The List for free updates on gay news and civil rights issues.
L-Soft. Click on "Search for a mailing list of interest" and search "Gay", "Lesbian", "Bi", "Trans", and so on.
Tile.net. Search "Gay", "Lesbian", "Bi", "Trans", and so on.
Hispanic/ Latin@s
Bar-Tzur, D. Professional development: Mailing lists, user groups & chat rooms - Multicultural [interpreters].
HGSATAMU@LISTSERV.TAMU.EDU - Texas A&M Hispanic Graduate Student Association. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.TAMU.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE HGSATAMU
HISPPHIL@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU - Hispanics-Latinos in Philosophy. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE HISPPHIL
L-Soft. Click on "search for a mailing list of interest" and search "Hispanic", "Latina", and "Latino".
NIH-HEO@LIST.NIH.GOV - Hispanic Employee Organization. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LIST.NIH.GOV with the command: SUBSCRIBE NIH-HEO
SALSA@LIST.ACAST.NOVA.EDU - Organization to promote Hispanic Heritage. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LIST.ACAST.NOVA.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE SALSA
Tile.net. Search "Hispanic", "Latina" and "Latino".
Jewish
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Judaism. Click on or scroll down to "Mailing lists".
Member of a less represented religion
L-Soft. Click on "Search for a mailing list of interest" and search under name of religion desired.
Muslim
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics: Islam - Mailing lists.
Native American
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics: Native American Spirituality, Mailing lists.
Pacific Islander
APF-L@BNA.COM - BNA's Asian Pacific Focus. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@BNA.COM with the command:
SUBSCRIBE APF-L
APSDC-L@LISTSERV.AMERICAN.EDU - Asian/Pacific Student Forum.
To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.AMERICAN.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE APSDC-L
IRASIA-L@WEBBER.OUP.CO.UK - Oxford Journals: International Relations of the Asia-Pacific. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@WEBBER.OUP.CO.UK with the command: SUBSCRIBE IRASIA-L
L-Soft. Click on "Search for a mailing list of interest" and search under "Pacific Islander".
MAASU-L@TC.UMN.EDU - Asian/Pacific American Community List. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@TC.UMN.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE MAASU-L
TAPAI-L@LISTSERV.TEMPLE.EDU - Temple Asian Pacific American Issues. To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.TEMPLE.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE TAPAI-L
Tile.net. Search under "Pacific Islander".
Physically challenged/ Disabled
Disability related mail lists.
DRR general resources. Lists many mailing lists.
L-Soft. Click on "Search for a mailing list of interest" and search "physically challenged" or "disability".
Tile.net. Search "physically challenged" or "disability".
Women's movement/ Feminism
FAP-L@SCAS.SAGEPUB.CO.UK - Feminism & Psychology To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@SCAS.SAGEPUB.CO.UK with the command: SUBSCRIBE FAP-L
FEMRHET-L@TC.UMN.EDU - femrhet-l: Discussion of the planning of the Feminism(s) and Rhetoric(s) Conference To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@TC.UMN.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE FEMRHET-L
GEOGFEM@LSV.UKY.EDU - Discussion list for Feminism in Geography To subscribe, send mail to LISTSERV@LSV.UKY.EDU with the command: SUBSCRIBE GEOGFEM
L-Soft. Click on "Search for a mailing list of interest" and search "Feminism".
Tile.net. Search "Feminism".
OrganizationsGay/Lesbian/Bi/Transgendered/Intersexed/Queer
Member of a less represented religion
Physically challenged/ Disabled
GENERAL
RID's Special Interest Groups (SIGS). Scroll down to "Interpreters and Transliterators of Color".
Selected readings and resources on multicultural issues and deaf students - Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center, Gallaudet University. Listing of organizations.
African American/Black
The BlackMarket.com - Black professional organizations.
Asian American
APEX: The Asian Professional Exchange.
Asian American community links.
Asian American Journalists Association.
Asian American studies: Associations and organizations.
Asian Pacific American Caucus.
Asian Pacific American Heritage Association.
Christian
Church Women United. Organization promotes the interactive study and prayer among women.
Interpreting for religious/spiritual topics - Christian Deaf organizations.
Deafblind
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for working with Deafblind people. Click on or scroll down to "Organizations".
Gay, Lesbian, Bi, Trans, Intersexed, Questioning
ACGLSF (Religious Organization of the Deaf Gays and Lesbiennes of France) Convention.
BLeGIT_QueerTerps. It is the Mission of the Bisexual, Lesbian, Gay, Intersexed, Transgendered Interpreters/Transliterators (BLeGIT) of the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID, Inc.) to be a forum for discussing current interpreting issues, provide information and resources for professional development opportunities and provide a professional and positive venue for discussing topics specific to the BLeGIT community, and primarily support the members of the special interest group.
The Deaf Gay & Lesbian Center.
Deaf Gays and Lesbians of the West (DeafGLOW).
Gay and Lesbian organizations.
GLAAD (Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation).
National Center for Lesbian Rights.
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
RAD: Rainbow Alliance of the Deaf.
Buckeye Rainbow Alliance of the Deaf.
Capital Metropolitan Rainbow Alliance .
RID's Special Interest Groups (SIGS). Scroll down to "Bisexual, Lesbian, Gay, Intersexed, Transgendered Interpreters/Transliterators ".
Hispanic/ Latinas/os
Jewish
Member of a less represented religion
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious/ spiritual topics. See list of religions and click on desired one. Some may have organizations listed.
Muslim Resources for religious interpreting: Islam - Organizations.
Native American
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious/ spiritual topics - Native American Spirituality, organizations.
Pacific Islander
Asian Pacific American Caucus.
Physically challenged/ Disabled
National Art Exhibitions by the Mentally Ill, Inc.
Women's movement/ Feminism
Church Women United. Organization promotes the interactive study and prayer among women.
Global list of women's organisations.
US Women Connect. Linking US women and girls to the Global Women's Movement.
Web sitesGay/Lesbian/Bi/Transgendered/Intersexed/Queer
Member of a less represented religion
Physically challenged/ Disabled
GENERAL
The Affirmative Action and Diversity Project: A web page for research.
ASHA - Multicultural Affairs & Resources.
ASLinfo.com. Vocabulary [on deafness and interpreting].
Bar-Tzur, D. Deaf cultures and Sign Languages of the world.
Deaf multicultural groups. (Wallace Library at NTID/RIT).
General Deaf multicultural resources. (Wallace Librbary at NTID/RIT.).
Griffin, S. A rising star "ligts up" the world. Michelle Banks is a busy young woman who has exhibited "outstanding leadership" in the arena of Black Deaf entertainment and culture. She was the first deaf student to study drama at the State University of New York. She established the first (and only!) Deaf theater of color: Onyx Theater. She is one of a "rare breed": a Black Deaf actress featured in a Black television show on a cable network ("Soul Food" on Showtime). In addition, Michelle has toured several U. S. cities in her one-woman show, "Reflections of A Black Deaf Woman" and has appeared in movies and on stage (one role was in the recent revival of "Big River" featuring a unique cast with both hearing and deaf performers).
KIDPROJ's multicultural calendar.
The miniature Earth. [video] If we could turn the population of the Earth into a small community of 100 people, keeping the same proportions we have today, it would be something like this...
National Multicultural Interpreting Project.
NTID African American, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American (AHANA) students brochure.
OCRT: An agency promoting religious tolerance as a human right.
Terrell, B. Y. & Hale, J. E. (1982, 5-8 January). Serving a multicultural population: Different Learning Styles.
Urban legends reference pages. Claim: If we could shrink the earth's population to a village of precisely 100 people, that village would resemble one described in this piece. Status: Not quite.
African American/Black
Bar-Tzur, D. Sign Languages and Deaf cultures of the world. See any African countries of interest that are listed there.
TheBlackMarket.com: (Black) Women's sites.
TheBlackMarket.com: Black historic sites.
Cobbs, J. T. A short history of National Black Deaf Advocates.
Deaf and African American - About.com.
Gateway to African American history.
National Alliance of Black Interpreters.
National Black Deaf Advocates.
Resources for Black Deaf people.
W. E. B. DuBois Institue for African and African American research, Harvard University.
Asian American
Asian Pacific American heritage Web resources.
Bar-Tzur, D. Sign Languages and Deaf cultures of the world. See any Asian countries of interest that are listed there.
Confinement and ethnicity: An overview of World War II Japanese American relocation sites.
Deaf Asian Americans - About.com.
Gay Asian Pacific Network. The mission of GAPSN is to provide supportive environments for gay and bisexual Asian Pacific Islander men to meet, network, voice concerns, foster self-empowerment, and to advocate on issues of significance to the gay Asian Pacific Islander community.
Gay Asian American Pride Network.
An Internet guide for Asian American cybernauts.
Locke and Walnut Grove: Havens for early Asian immigrants in California. Understand the experience of early Asian immigrants and the obstacles they encountered as they struggled to make a living and find a place in American society.
The war relocation camps of World War II: When fear was stronger than justice. Learn what led the U.S. government to confine nearly 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry to relocation centers in remote areas of the country during World War II.
Christian
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Christian.
Deafblind
Bar-Tzur, D.
Interpreting and working with Deafblind people
Resources for working with Deafblind people. Click on or scroll down to "Websites".
Gay, Lesbian, Bi, Trans, Intersexed, Questioning
ACGLSF (Religious Organization of the Deaf Gays and Lesbiennes of France).
ACLU Lesbian and Gay rights page.
Asian American studies resources - Queer Asian resources.
Asian Pacific American Heritage Association.
Bar-Tzur, D.Deaf and Hard of Hearing Lesbigays.
The Deaf Gay & Lesbian Center.
Deaf Gays and Lesbians - Lesbigays in the Deaf and Hard of Hearing community.
Deaf Gays and Lesbians of the West (DeafGLOW).
The Deaf Queer Resource Center.
Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Eudcation Network, Cleveland.
Gay and Lesbian studies - A research guide.
Gay Asian American Pride Netwrok.
Gay/Lesbian politics and law: WWW and Internet resources.
Gayscape. Search no more. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Queer no matter what you call it we've got it. By limiting our listings to sites of Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual interest we provide the specialized search tool that's fast, easy and fun. Over 102,000 indexed sites.
gayZoo. Arts-Entertainment, classifieds, clubs-organizations, companies, computers-Internet, general interest, health-medicine, news-media, personal home pages, sports, students-youth, travel.
GLBT Deaf forums. Deaf Queer (Queer News, Closet Out, Newies, Debates, Jokes/Stories), Relationship (Vaginiarium, Parents, Marriage/Single Life/ Dating, Pets, BDSM, Leather, Bear, Drag, Trans/Intersexed), Education/Life (Health/Medical, CI/Hearing Aides, Disability, Sign Language/Oral, Interpreter, College/Unviersity, American w/ Disabities Act, Spiritually), Global Life (International, Travel/Leisure, Sports/Fitness, Motorcycle/Auto Talk, Rodeo Talk, Food/Beverage), Hobbies (Photos, Stories/Poetry, Graphic, Creative arts/crafts, Technologies, Nature, Hobby), Enterainment/Library (Books, TV/Movie, News, Comics/DC), Advertisments (Deaf/hearing Meets, Employments, Trade/Sell), Supports (How to use the forums, Forums feedbacks/suggestions, Private).
Greenblatt, E. Lesbian Resources on the Web.
Halsall, P. (1997-1998) People with a history: An online guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans History.
National Center for Lesbian Rights.
OCRT: Suggested usage of homosexual terms in articles, esays, reports, etc.
Eyes of Desire.
A video of Raymond Luczak signing in ASL with subtitles added... talking about book Eyes of Desire - A Deaf GLBT Reader.
PBS: Out of the past - 400 years of Lesbian and Gay history in America.
Queer history links. Numerous links to articles on Gay history and literature.
RAD: Rainbow Alliance of the Deaf.
Capital Metropolitan Rainbow Alliance.
Timetable of Lesbian and Gay History - The Knitting Circle.
Hispanic/Latinas/os
About.com Hispanic/Latino deaf or alternate site.
Bar-Tzur, D.
Interpreting for foreign language courses: A case study with Spanish. This page has links to websites in and about Spanish, as well as Hispanic Deaf sites.
Sign Languages and Deaf cultures of the world. See any Hispanic countries of interest that are listed there.
California Latinas/os Council of Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Inc.
Deaf and Hispanic - About.com.
DeafTODAY. (2004, October 19). RIT's deaf Hispanic students share their cultural ties. Even though they have diverse backgrounds — some were born in Argentina, Colombia or the Dominican Republic — about 30 students at Rochester Institute of Technology meet regularly to discuss something they have in common: a passion for Hispanic culture. The fact that they have a hearing loss also helps members of the Hispanic Deaf Club, at RIT's National Technical Institute for the Deaf, feel a common bond.
Latin American Network Information Center.
Hispanic Deaf and Trilingual interpreting.
Resources for Hispanic Deaf and hard of hearing populations.
Jewish
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Judaism. Click on or scroll down to "Websites".
Member of a less represented religion
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics. Click on the desired religion.
Muslim
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious interpreting: Islam - Web sites.
Native American
Bar-Tzur, D. Interpreting for religious/ spiritual topics - Native American Spirituality, web.
Pacific Islander
Asian Pacific American Heritage Association.
Asian Pacific American heritage Web resources.
Bar-Tzur, D. Sign Languages and Deaf cultures of the world. See any Pacific Island countries of interest that are listed there.
Gay Asian Pacific Network. The mission of GAPSN is to provide supportive environments for gay and bisexual Asian Pacific Islander men to meet, network, voice concerns, foster self-empowerment, and to advocate on issues of significance to the gay Asian Pacific Islander community.
Kalama Foundation. Native Hawaiian.
Physically challenged/Disabled
CHANCE web sites for people with disabilities.
Disability social history project.
DRR general resources. Lists many web sites.
General resources for learning diabilities.
Women's movement/ Feminism
Bar-Tzur, D. Resources for religious/ spiritual interpreting: Judaism - Women and Judaism.
TheBlackMarket.com: (Black) Women's sites.
Deaf Women United. Our objectives are: provide tools, information and training in areas of organizational management, personal growth and empowerment; set up a home expand and put in place a mentoring system; expand DWU's quarterly newsletter;
increase the number of affiliates; increase our membership; provide scholarship to Deaf women internationally.
Glielmi, G. & Long, B. (1999, December 14). Rape & RAD: Rape Aggression Defense Systems.
Internet Women's History sourcebook.
Sacred choices: Practicing evolution, Inc.
Tonella. K. Women's studies resources.
